![]() ![]() ![]() Nevertheless, the grain size is still smaller compared to the AM bulk material. Caused by the deposition process, the microstructure in the substrate also changes and exhibits a coarse-grained heat-affected zone. While the coarsening is quite severe for the thin-walled structure, it is moderate for the volumetric AM structures due to the change of the thermal boundary conditions. A coarsening of the grains from the bottom to the top and a change in morphology can be noted for all AM structures. 89–93% of the conventionally fabricated substrate of 410 ± 39 HV1. 366–380 HV1 and is in the range of approx. In this wiring example a Pilz PNOZ family safety relay module controls the fiber laser marker and. The mean hardness value of the fabricated AM structures is approx. Front View of Typical Mark on the Fly Configuration. However, a higher density could be achieved compared to powder-based processes on refractory metal. The fabricated parts exhibit high density and the value depends on the welding sequence applied while the thin- and medium-walled structure has a relative density of ~100% and 99.875%, the measured relative density of the volumetric structure is slightly reduced to ~99.131% due to the smaller periodic bonding defects. The parts show a sound visual appearance with the absence of macroscopic cracks or severe distortion. Three different representative volumetric AM structures were built and subsequently characterized. In present study, the feasibility of wire-based additive manufacturing of commercially pure tungsten using electron beam technique could be demonstrated. ![]()
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